Below are two exerts from Eugene Rogan’s The Arabs: a History. a wonderful book, if dense, that starts by establishing the baseline for beginning to understand the transnational and multi-century struggle of the former subjects of the Ottoman Empire. Important for anyone wanting to see what mess the world got into when it popped an empire and flocked to gobble up the pieces.
Above, from Chapter 11, the Decline of Arab Nationalism
Below, from Chapter 12, the Age of Oil